Male Infertility

When it comes to male infertility, it is the health issue that restrict the couple to conceive due to the causes related to the male partner. Around 13 of 100 couples fail to become parent naturally and many other times even medicines and therapies don't work. Of all the cases, in one third the problem lies within the male partner. As in normal conditions the fertility is maintained by the millions of sperms that enter female body during ejaculation. The infertility is mostly due to the causes related with sperm. Mostly in this condition when the medications and surgical procedures fail to work, the solution lies with the assisted reproductive techniques.

CAUSES:

Unhealthy sperms or fewer sperms are the main reason of infertility. There are many causes associated with sperms . In order to be fertile:

Male must produce healthy sperm.
Sperm must be well mixed with
The sperm count must be enough to reach the female uterus
The sperm must be viable
The sperm must be mobile
To make the female partner pregnant, the male sperm must be in proper count, perfect size and shape, they must have the chemical so thatthe ova could detect the sperm, they must be well nourished, they must be mobile, they must have capacity and viability till they reach and fuse with the female ova.
Medical Causes:

Other than physiological causes, the man can have issues like:

Swelling in the veins that drain the testicle is known as varicocele
Inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) or testicles (orchitis) and some sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea or HIV or any other infection involving the reproductive system or urogenital system can lead to infertility.
Retrograde ejaculation don't let the sperm enter female body and thus may lead to infertility.
Autoimmune diseases involving the sperm.
Tumours involving the urogenital system or even brain tumours cause infertility
Hormonal imbalance and undescended testicles
Problem with sexual intercourse or any genetic disorder.
A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertility
Steroids and other medications may affect the fertility too.
Prior surgeries that might have involved the urogenital system can cause infertility too.
Environment And Lifestyle Causes:

Smoking , drinking, drugs can lead to impotency
Hazardous chemicals
Overheating over the testicles
Radiations
Heavy Metals
Actinotherapy
Psychological Disorders
Obesity

Risk factors

Risk factors linked to male infertility include:
Smoking tobacco
Using alcohol
Using certain illicit drugs
Being overweight
Being severely depressed or stressed
Having certain past or present infections
Being exposed to toxins
Overheating the testicles
Traumatic injurie to the testis or penis
Earlier vasectomy or major abdominal or pelvic surgery
Having a history of undescended testicle
Congenital fertility disorder or any infertility in lineage.
Having certain medical conditions, including tumours and chronic illnesses, such as sickle cell disease
Side effects of cancer or undergoing medical treatments
Difficulty with ejaculation, or erection or small volumes of fluid ejaculated, reduced sexual desire, or difficulty maintaining an erection
Pain, swelling or a lump around penis or testicles
Recurrent respiratory infections
Inability to smell
Abnormal breast growth (gynecomastia)
Decreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosomal or hormonal abnormality