Importance of Physiotherapy in Cardiac Surgery

Nowadays, heart and lung diseases are being diagnosed in the people from various parts of the world in large numbers, primarily due to the poor lifestyle and diet. Cholesterol-rich food and tobacco consumption also play a vital role in increasing the risk of cardiothoracic diseases. Heart diseases are the most common cause of death at present across the globe. Much importance is given to preventing the coronary artery disease and the role of the physiotherapy is being established in preventing coronary artery disease.

Owing to the improved medical care facilities subject to coronary disease are effectively managed by open – heart surgery and the role of physiotherapy in post-operative care is well established. The existing literature reveals that most of the patient develops atelectasis during the major surgeries because of general anaesthesia. 1st to 3 rd postoperative day vital capacity of the lung reduces to 66%. Physiotherapy becomes mandatory in preventing and managing postoperative pulmonary complication especially in the subject undergoing cardiac surgeries with risk factors.

The physiotherapy programme in managing the post-cardiac surgery patient focuses on the following:

Prevent complication
Assist in early recovery
Reducing ventilator dependency
Preventing immobilization complication
Early rehabilitation
Improve the quality of life
Immediate postoperative physiotherapy care aims to prevent and manage pulmonary complication by:

Preventing and clearing airway secretions
Prevent and manage atelectasis
Prevent pneumonia
Assist in weaning
Reduce the ventilator dependency
Promote early mobilization

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