Early Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

Early Diagnosis of Kidney Disease
What are the early signs & symptoms of kidney disease?
- Bloody urine - Brown, red, or purple
- Foamy or bubbly urine
- Increased thirst
- Stomach upset
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Weakness & Fatigue
- Feel dizzy
- Frequent urination
- Urgency in urination
- Difficulty while passing urine
- Dry and itch skin
- Trouble sleeping
- Urination in the night
- Trouble focussing
- Problems with memory and decision making
- Puffiness of face or around eyes
- Swollen hands, abdomen, feet and ankles
- Muscle cramping
- Loss of appetite
- Shortness of breath
- Feeling more cold
- Food tasting like rusty iron
- Breath smelling of Ammonia

What are the tests that detect kidney health?
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Digital rectal examination for men
- Auscultation examination for renal artery stenosis
- Thorough physical examination for identifying typical signs
- Albumin-to-creatinine ratio – Higher value is indicative of early kidney damage
- Carotid ultrasound –detects atherosclerosis and help in early diagnosis of chronic kidney
disease
- Cholesterol – High cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for kidney disease
- Fasting lipids - Lipid abnormalities are common among patients with (CKD)
- Blood Pressure – High blood pressure is the major risk factors for Kidney disease
- Blood Sugar Levels – High blood sugar is one of the major risk factors for kidney disease
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) - Declines during chronic or acute kidney
disease
- Beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) – levels indicate early detection of kidney damage and disease

- Uric acid levels are elevated in chronic kidney disease
- Vitamin-D levels are typically low during kidney diseases
- Calcium & Phosphate – Imbalance represents adverse clinical outcomes in CKD
- Electrolyte levels- Imbalance represents poor kidney function
- Diminishing levels of haemoglobin represent progressive loss of kidney function
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) – higher than normal levels indicate declining kidney function
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is often increased in kidney disease
- Complete blood and Urine profile including dipstick assay
- X-Ray scan can identify kidney stones early
- Functional MR imaging (fMRI) - enables the early detection of renal disease and diabetic
nephropathy
- Ultrasound can detect cysts, tumours, abscesses, obstructions, fluid collection, and infection
within or around the kidneys; progressively falling eGFR, refractory hypertension
- Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) – evaluates the early kidney infection
- Pyelography – can help in diagnosing dilatation of the kidney and stones in the kidney
- MRI and CT can find small kidney cancers
- Early Biomarkers of Kidney Disease – Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL),
Liver-type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein (LFABP), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2
(TIMP-2) and Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7 )
- Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease - Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), Kidney injury
molecule 1 (KIM-1), Cystatin C, miRNA-181a ,β-trace protein (BTP), Uromodulin

What are the recommendations for Kidney health and its diagnosis?
- Keep yourself hydrated
- Take only prescribed medications and as directed
- Get your blood pressure and blood glucose levels checked or monitored regularly
- Get your kidney functions tested frequently if you are
- On long term pain & opioid medication
- Suffering from cardiovascular, liver or kidney
disorders
- Working in an environment of pesticide
manufacturing or usage
- Using illegal drugs such as Heroin, Cocaine and
Amphetamine
- Get tested for Vitamin-D levels and take supplements if necessary
- Get assessed for your BMI and take consultation on weight management
- Get tested and treated for kidney infections and stones early to prevent complications
- Get tested for autoantibodies that cause kidney diseases and use preventive meds

What are the preventive measures for lowering the risk of kidney diseases?
- Take necessary measures in controlling high cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood
sugars
- Lower or avoid salt intake
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Consume proteins, sugars in moderation
- Get necessary vaccines as per recommendations
- Exercise regularly every day for at least 30mins

- Consult a registered dietician and seek guidance on nutrition and weight loss
- Quit smoking and drinking alcohol or drink in moderation
- Drink plenty of water and avoid sweetened and caffeinated beverages
- Know your family medical history and go for regular medical check-ups as required

virinchi Hospitals is one of the Best Kidney Hospital in Hyderabad has experienced best nephrologists in Hyderabad who treats thousands of patients evry year suffering from kidney diseases and disorders.