Data transformation is the method of converting the data from one structure or format into another structure or format. Data transformation is very critical to the activities, for example, data management and data integration. Data transformation can include a wide range of activities: you may converts data types, cleanse data by removing the nulls or duplicating the data, enrich the data, or perform aggregations, it depends on the need of your project.
Normally, the process consists of two stages.
In the first stage:
• Perform data discovery where you identifies the sources and the data types.
• I am determining the structure and data transformations that are needed to occur.
• Performing data mapping to define how all the fields are mapped, modified, joined, aggregated, and filtered.
In the second stage:
• Extract information from the first source. The scope of sources can fluctuate, including organized sources, similar to databases, or gushing sources, for example, telemetry from associated gadgets, or log records from clients utilizing your web applications.
• Perform changes. You change the information, for example, totaling deals information or changing over date groups, altering content strings or joining lines and segments.
• Send the information to the objective store. The objective may be a database or an information distribution center that handles organized and unstructured information.
Why transform data?
You should need to change your information for various reasons. By and large, organizations need to change information to make it good with other information, move it to another framework, go along with it with other information, or total data in the information.
For instance, think about the accompanying situation: your organization has obtained a littler organization, and you have to join data for the Human Resources divisions. The bought organization utilizes an unexpected database in comparison to the parent organization, so you'll have to do some work to guarantee that these records coordinate. Every one of the new workers has been issued a representative ID, so this can fill in as a key. However, you'll have to change the organizing for the dates, you'll have to expel any copy lines, and you'll need to guarantee that there are no invalid qualities for the Employee ID field so all workers are represented. All these basic capacities are performed in an arranging region before you load the information to the last target.
Other basic motivations to change information include:
• You are moving your information to another information store; for instance, you are moving to a cloud information distribution center and you have to change the information types.
• You need to join unstructured information or spilling information with organized information so you can break down the information together.
• You need to add data to your information to advance it, for example, performing queries, including geolocation information, or including timestamps.
• You need to perform accumulations, for example, looking at deals information from various locales or totaling deals from various districts.
How is data transformed?
There are a few different ways to transform data:
Scripting. Some companies perform data transformation via scripts using SQL or Python to write the code to extract and transform the data.
• On-premise ETL tools. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tools can take much of the pain out of scripting the transformations by automating the process. These tools are typically hosted on your company’s site, and may require extensive expertise and infrastructure costs.
• Cloud-based ETL tools. These ETL tools are hosted in the cloud, where you can leverage the expertise and infrastructure of the vendor.
Data transformation challenges
Information change can be hard for various reasons:
Time-consuming. You may need to widely scrub the information so you can change or move it. This can be very tedious, and is a typical protest among information researchers working with unstructured information.
Costly. Contingent upon your foundation, changing your information may require a group of specialists and significant framework costs.
Slow. . Since the way toward removing and changing information can be a weight on your framework, usually done in clusters, which implies you may need to trust that the following bunch will be prepared. This can cost you time in settling on business choices.
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Author's Bio: 

Jacob Graves is an author at Hirewpgeeks. He likes to share informative articles.