Can we turn ocean water into fresh water?

Water is a crucial resource without which no one can ever imagine of their existence. Its availability depends completely on the factors such as season, location, temperature and others. About 97% of the world’s water is in oceans, which is a dynamic resource of water supply. The remaining 3% of the water is found in groundwater, streams, ice and lakes. Therefore, by tapping into ocean reserves we can open a number of water supply possibilities especially when it comes to an emergency.

Today, nearly half of the world population does not get clean and fresh water supplied to their place, which increases a demand for water purification. Using ocean water during an emergency is a solution for people living in coastal or island areas. But when we consider other destinations, this application becomes almost impossible due to its wide spectrum. In some areas, natural disasters also interrupt or cripple fresh water supplies. Ocean water becomes a major source of water supply for the areas where fresh water is not easily available.

However, people can also not drink ocean water safely. The main reason for this is their kidneys that process salt and are capable of producing urine which is less salty than the ocean water. This means it requires more water to get the body rid of the excessive salt. So when someone drinks ocean water the salts will not digest completely making their body more dehydrated while water should have made them feel more rehydrated. This again increases the need for desalinating ocean water.

Desalination has become an increasingly popular option to get fresh water supply for the people in your area. It can be defined as a process of removing salt from ocean water to convert into a fresh water source. Water which is desalinated can be used either for drinking purpose, for commercial, industrial or agricultural use. The process of desalination is inherently energy intensive, which is the main reason why other options like drilling wells, installing water treatment plants etc are used and conservation efforts are made before considering it as one of the option to get pure water supply.

If you are planning to consider desalination of ocean water then it is important to treat oceans before the process takes place. Further, this means that desalination will not only consume a great amount of energy but it also requires more manpower, equipment, and facilities. Ultimately, all these processes together make desalination an expensive process, which makes it difficult to consider it on a large-scale.

If you are removing salt from ocean water even during emergencies, it will require more effort and equipment than the traditional water purification methods. Thus, describing desalination process at some length emphasizes on preparedness, which means you need to be prepared before you actually consider desalination.

Despite being expensive, removing salt from ocean water is still a useful process which is in use in many areas. Expensive water is better than no water, and thus desalination is already being used in many middle-eastern and European countries where water supply is not excessive to fulfill the water demand of their population. As the technology advances, renewable resources such as wind or solar power make ocean water desalination a more affordable and viable solution to the global water crisis issue.

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